Fortescue Metals Group Ltd.

Fortescue is an Australia-based iron ore miner. It has grown from obscurity start of 2008 to become the world's fourth-largest producer. Growth was fueled by debt, now repaid. Expansion from 55 million metric tons in fiscal 2012 to about 190 million metric tons in 2023 means Fortescue supplies nearly 10% of global seaborne iron ore. Further expansion above 200 million metric tons is likely once it completes construction of its 22 million metric tons Iron Bridge magnetite mine. However, with longer-term demand likely to decline as China's economy matures, we expect Fortescue's future margins to be below historical averages. More recently, Fortescue diversified into green energy, with ambitions to become a major supplier of green hydrogen and green ammonia. Its efforts are early stage.